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Alternating Current

What is alternating current?

Alternating current (AC) is a type of electrical current where the flow of electric charge periodically reverses direction, typically in a sinusoidal waveform. Unlike direct current (DC) which flows in only one direction, AC voltage and current continuously change polarity at a specific frequency, such as 60 Hz in North America or 50 Hz in most other countries. AC is the standard form of electricity delivered to homes and businesses because it can be easily transformed to different voltage levels using transformers, making it efficient for long-distance power transmission. Most household appliances and the electrical grid operate on AC power.

Related Terms

Direct Current

DC

Direct Current (DC) is a type of electrical current that flows continuously in one direction through a circuit. Unlike alternating current (AC), DC maintains a constant polarity with electrons moving from the negative terminal to the positive terminal of a power source. DC is commonly found in batteries, electronic devices, and many low-voltage applications, providing stable voltage levels essential for powering semiconductors, microcontrollers, and most consumer electronics.