General Purpose Input/Output

A GPIO is a configurable pin on a microcontroller or single-board computer that can be programmed to either read digital input signals or output digital control signals. Each GPIO pin can be dynamically set as either an input (to read sensors, buttons, or other devices) or an output (to control LEDs, motors, relays, or other actuators) through software commands. GPIO pins are fundamental building blocks in embedded systems and maker projects, providing a flexible interface between digital circuits and the physical world.