Level Shifting

Level shifting is the process of converting digital signals from one voltage level to another to ensure compatibility between circuits operating at different supply voltages. This technique is essential when interfacing components that use different logic levels, such as connecting a 3.3V microcontroller to a 5V sensor or display. Level shifting can be accomplished using specialized ICs, transistors, or voltage dividers, and can be bidirectional (allowing communication in both directions) or unidirectional depending on the application requirements.