Perfboard/Protoboard

A perfboard (or protoboard) is a pre-drilled circuit board with a regular grid of holes used for prototyping electronic circuits. It allows components to be inserted and soldered together to create custom circuits without the need for a custom PCB design. The holes are typically spaced 0.1 inches apart to accommodate standard component leads and IC pins. Perfboards are essential tools for testing circuit designs, building one-off projects, and learning electronics before committing to a permanent PCB layout.