Series circuit
makerAn electrical circuit configuration where components are connected end-to-end so the current flows through each component in a single path.
expanded
In a series circuit, electrical components are arranged sequentially, forming a single pathway for electron flow. The total resistance is the sum of individual resistances, which influences the total voltage drop across the circuit. Series circuits are utilized in applications where current uniformity across all components is desired, such as in old holiday light strings, where failure of one bulb extinguishes the remaining bulbs.
examples
A simple flashlight operating with two AA batteries in series, where each battery provides 1.5 V, summing a total potential difference of 3 V.
This configuration is commonly used in torches, where space is limited, and higher voltage is needed to power a single bulb.
A series circuit in a Christmas light string that requires 110 V AC to operate and contains 50 bulbs, each with a resistance of 2.2 Ω.
This circuit type ensures a consistent current of 0.5 A across all bulbs, which is a typical use case in decorative lighting setups from residential settings.