Resistor

A resistor is a passive electronic component that limits or controls the flow of electrical current in a circuit by providing resistance. It converts electrical energy into heat energy according to Ohm's law (V = IR), where voltage equals current times resistance. Resistors are commonly used to reduce current flow, divide voltages, protect sensitive components from excessive current, and set bias points in electronic circuits. They come in various types including fixed-value resistors with color-coded bands and variable resistors like potentiometers.